钚在地下水中的存在形态分析     

马应明  金玉仁 《华东地质学院学报》2007,30(3):236-240

钚是某些放射性废物中的关键核素,在放射性废物地质处置的过程中,钚的迁移行为研究对于处置库的安全评价至关重要。钚的存在形态直接影响其迁移行为,本文选用地球化学模式程序EQ3/6模拟计算了钚在某区钻孔地下水中的存在形态,并对影响因素进行了分析。结果表明某区地下水主要为咸水,具有高矿化的特征,pH值在7～9之间,水化学类型主要以Cl-SO4-Na型和SO4-Cl-Na型为主,地下水中钚的存在形态主要以Pu(Ⅳ)物种为主。并通过结论得出钚的存在形态主要受着地下水化学成分特征控制,同时pH值和Eh的值对钚的存在形态也有很大的影响。  相似文献   

Phosphorus forms and bioavailability of lake sediments in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

ZHU Guangwei  QIN Boqiang  ZHANG Lu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)

Forms of phosphorus in sediments from 25 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure. Contents and spatial distrubution of algal available phosphorus (AAP) in sediments of Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake of China, were also studied. Relationships between phosphorus forms in sediment and macrophytes coverage in sample sites, as well as phosphorus forms in sediments and chlorophyal contents in lake water were discussed. Exchangeable form of phosphorus (Ex-P) in surface sediments was significantly positive correlative to total phosphorus (IP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) contents in the lake water. Bioavailable phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in sediments from macrophytes dominant sites were significantly lower than that in no macrophyte sites. In Lake Taihu, Ex-P content in top 3 cm sediment was highest. However, content of ferric fraction phosphorus (Fe-P) was highest in 4 - 10 cm. Bioavalilble phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in surface sediments positively correlated to Chlorophyll a contents in water of Lake Taihu with significant difference. Therefore, contents of Bio-P and AAP could be acted as the indicators of risks of internal release of phosphorus in the shallow lakes. It was estimated that there were 268.6 ton AAP in top 1 cm sediments in Lake Taihu. Sediment suspension caused by strong wind-induced wave disturbance could carry plenty of AAP into water in large shallow lakes like Lake Taihu.  相似文献   

基于元胞自动机的城市发展密度模拟   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

黎夏  叶嘉安 《地理科学》2006,26(2):165-172

元胞自动机CA越来越多地被用于模拟复杂的城市系统,但这些模拟基本不考虑城市的发展密度。不同的城市发展密度会对城市的形态有很大的影响,有必要将城市的发展密度引进CA的城市模拟中,以获得更好的模拟结果。本文将密度梯度函数引进了CA模型的转换规则中,并定义‘灰度’来反映状态的转换。利用该模型对不同可能的城市发展组合进行了模拟,为城市规划提供了辅助依据。  相似文献   

金的活动态分析方法及其应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

白金峰  卢荫庥  文雪琴 《物探与化探》2006,30(5):410-413

在金相态分析方法的基础上,对金活动态分析方法进行了如下改进:用5 μm孔径的滤膜取代2 μm孔径的滤膜抽滤;将加入提取剂溶液提取黏土吸附相、有机结合相和铁锰氧化物相改为直接加入固体提取剂;将泡沫塑料吸附-原子吸收法改为甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)萃取-原子吸收法测定金。介绍了改进后的金活动态分析方法及其在东北高寒森林覆盖景观某金矿区的一个应用实例。结果表明,除水提取相异常相对不明显外,其余3个相在矿体上方均有清晰、明显的异常指示。其中有机结合相的异常强度最大,是在该景观条件下寻找隐伏矿的最有利相态。重复样分析的相对误差小于50%,满足金的活动态分析要求。  相似文献   

地貌基本形态的主客分类法   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

高玄彧 《山地学报》2004,22(3):261-266

针对现有地貌基本形态分类法的欠缺，提出了“地貌基本形态的主客分类法”。本分类法是一种以相对高度为主，绝对高度为辐的地貌分类法。它首先根据相对高度将地貌基本形态划分为平原、丘陵、低山，中山和高山等，然后再按绝对高度把这些形态再分别划分为低位、中位、高位三种类型。该地貌分类法的优点在于①符合人们对于山地的高、中、低的观念，避免了现有地貌分类法中出现的那种与人们固有观念相冲突的高山不高、低山不低的现象；②统一了地貌基本形态的划分标准，避免了平原、丘陵按相对高度划分，而山地按绝对高度划分的不一致性；③有利于地貌知识的科学普及和地貌的利用。  相似文献   

中国新生代准造山运动     

易明初 《地球学报》1996,17(3):249-257

新生代地质时期如同前期地质时期一样,同样发生过造山运动,由于地质历史时期的短暂或运动正在发展过程之中,其强烈程度显示较差,往往不被人们所注意。但是,只要中研究中国大小山川构造地貌发展过程,不难看出新徨代时期,特别是第四纪地质时期是造成璀构造地貌形态的主要时期,或者是说最新造山运动时期。本文主要涉及陆内区的准造山运动。  相似文献   

国内外寻找隐伏矿化探新方法研究进展   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

丁汝福 《地质与勘探》1999,35(2):30-34

简要总结了根据超显微镜物质的迁移吸附机制和矿物结构与成矿物关系寻找隐伏矿的化探新方法的原理,技术及试验应用效果,预计这些方法技术近期内在寻找隐伏矿及解决环境,地震预报,地热工发等研究领域发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

Forms of Iron in the Phosphorites of Abu—Tartur Area,Egypt     

BAIOUM．H．M． 《中国地球化学学报》2002,21(3):215-226

The Campanian-Maastrichtian phosphatic deposits in Egypt,called the Duwi Forma-tion,comprise a part of the extensive Middle East to North African phosphogenic province of Late Cretaceous to Paleogene age.The province holds the greatest accumulation of phosphorites in the geological history,possibly in excess of 70 billion metric tons.The phosphate resources in Egypt alone exceed 3 billion metric tons.Two-third of these three billions occur only in the Abu-Tartur area.Among the phosphorite deposits in Egypt,the phosphorites of the Abu-Tartur area are characterized by high contents of iron ranging from 3% to 7% with an average of 5%.The detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies on the Abu-Tartur phosphorites revealed that iron is found in the form of pyrite,ankerite,clay minerals,microinclusions,and iron oxide.Pyrite,which is the major fraction,occurs as filling cement and partial to complete teplacement of phosphatic grains and confined to the fresh phosphorites while iron oxide occurs as cryp-tocrystalline aggregates of red to brown particles and is confined to the weathered outcrops.Ex-clusive relations between pyrite in the fresh phosphorite samples inside the Abu-Tartur mine and iron oxide in the equivalent horizon of the weathered exposure indicated that iron oxide was formed by the oxidation of pyrite as a result of weathering.All of these forms harm the quality of ore,manufacturing processes,and the produced phosphoric acid and fertilizers.  相似文献   

新疆扎基斯坦地区土壤元素有机结合态测量法找铀试验研究     

叶庆森胡敏知  谈成龙 《湖南地质》2002,21(3):186-191

针对常规物化探方法对寻找砂岩型铀矿几乎无效这一现实，初步探讨了土壤元素有机结合态形成机理，并应用土壤有机结合态铀、钼测量法在新疆伊犁盆地南缘扎基斯坦地区进行了寻找地浸砂岩型铀矿试验。与全铀及210Po法测量结果对比表明，土壤有机结合态铀、钼异常能较好地反映埋深200 m以内的铀矿化，而全铀及210Po测量结果对深部砂岩型铀矿化几乎无任何显示。因此，土壤有机结合态铀、钼测量法有望成为地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿的有效方法。  相似文献   

The hydrogeochemistry of the Kärkevagge Valley, Lapland, Sweden     

Iréne Malmsten  & Kurt Boström 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2002,84(3-4):245-259

The Kärkejokk (jokk = Lappish for brook) is rich in sulfate and calcium, both elements having been considered enigmatic. To resolve these problems we collected waters at 13 sites during 27 June to 1 September 1996. Nine sites were in the Kärkevagge, and the others in the drainage towards lake Torne Träsk. Rain waters were collected the same period. Conductivity, pH, and temperature were measured in the field, whereas salt load and the elements Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, Si, Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Sr, and Ba were determined in the laboratory.
Mixing models based on rain water and leaching products of the major bedrocks do not explain observed element patterns except in the lower parts of the jokk. However, oxidation of pyrite has formed acid, sulfate–rich solutions that released Ca and Mg from limestones, and Fe, Mn, Al, and Si, from black shales (Malmsten 1998; Malmsten et al. 2000). Conservative mixing models, using rain water, leached bedrock and pyrite, match the jokk waters quite well, and sulfur isotope data corroborate these findings. The nearby Låktajokk, and Vassijokk also contain much S.
Where these waters debouch they may deposit Si, Al, and Ca, but only little S on various rocks. Total rock analyses, thermodynamic and X–ray data suggest that gypsum, barite, or alunite are not formed in major quantities.
These models show that the hydrogeochemistry of the Kärkejokk may be less enigmatic than often assumed.  相似文献